1.
Definition Of Pronoun
Pronoun is The part of speech that substitutes for nouns or
noun phrases and designates persons or things asked for, previously
specified, or understood from the context.
2.
Function Of Pronoun
- Noun phrase Head
- Subject
- Subject complement
- Direct object
- Object complement
- Indirect object
- Prepositional complement
- Appositive e.g :
1.
friend Joe just became a new father. [appositive
berupa noun]
2.
My
brother, a chemical engineer, is very dilligent. [appositive
berupa noun phrase]
3. Types Of Pronoun
- indefinite pronouns
– those referring to one or more unspecified objects, beings, or places.
Example: Somebody, everyone, anyone,anybody, anything, everything.
Singular
|
Plural
|
Singular/Plural
|
Anybody
|
Both
|
All
|
Anyone
|
Few
|
Any
|
Anything
|
Manny
|
More
|
Somebody
|
Others
|
Most
|
Something
|
Several
|
None
|
Someone
|
Some
|
|
Everybody
|
Such
|
|
Everyone
|
||
Everything
|
||
Another
|
Example of
sentence:
Ø
Nobody
is at home
Ø
All
work is not dull, some is pleasant
Ø
One
of the women could not find her purse.
- Personal pronouns
– those associated with a certain person, thing, or group; all except you
have distinct forms that indicate singular or plural number
Subjek
|
Objek
|
Arti
|
I
You
She
He
It
We
They
|
Me
You
Her
Him
It
Us
Them
|
Saya,
aku
Kamu,
Anda, kalian
Dia
(perempuan)
Dia
(laki-laki)
Dia,
itu, -nya
Kita,
kami
Mereka
|
Example of
sentences:
Ø Three days ago I met Ariel.
Yesterday I met him again. [Tiga hari yang lalu saya bertemu Ariel.
Kemarin saya bertemu dia lagi.]
Ø My sister bought a new handphone. She loves it
very much. [Saudara perempuan saya membeli sebuah handphone baru. Dia sangat
menyukainya.]
Ø Sule borrowed three books
from the library. He must return them in two days. [Sule meminjam tiga
buku dari perpustakaan. Dia harus mengembalikannya dalam dua hari.]
- Reflexive pronouns
– those preceded by the adverb, adjective, pronoun, or noun to which they
refer, and ending in –self or –selves
Reflexive
Pronoun
|
Arti
|
Myself
Yourself/yourselves
Themselves
Ourselves
Himself
Herself
Itself
|
Saya
sendiri
Kamu
sendiri/kalian sendiri
Mereka
sendiri
Kami
sendiri
Dia
sendiri (laki-laki)
Dia
sendiri (perempuan)
Dia
sendiri (benda atau binatang)
|
Example of
Sentence:
Ø
Mom help herself this morning
Ø
I’m going to buy myself new jeans.
Ø We
should give time for ourselves to take a rest
- Demonstrative pronouns – those used to point to something specific within a
sentence. Example: this and these, that and those.
Example of
sentences:
Ø I almost tripped on that roller
skate at bottom of the steps
Ø Those plants in the corner don’t get
enough light.
Ø My brother insists on saving all
these hot rod magazines
- Possessive pronouns
– those designating possession or ownership
Dependent
|
Independent
|
My
Your
His
Her
Its
Our
Their
|
Mine
Your
His
Hers
Its
Ours
Theirs
|
Example of
sentences:
Ø This is my book. The book is mine.
[Ini buku saya. Buku ini punya saya]
Ø This house is theirs. [Rumah ini
milik mereka.]
Ø This is your pencil and those are
hers. [Ini pensilmu dan itu punya dia.]
- Relative pronouns
– those which refer to nouns mentioned previously, acting to introduce an
adjective (relative) clause. For
example: who, whose, which, that, whom, what.
Example of
sentence:
Ø I don’t like people who lose temper
easily. [Saya tidak senang pada orang yang mudah naik pitam.]
Ø Meong that I always feed everyday is
my cat. [Meong yang saya beri makan setiap hari adalah kucing saya.]
Ø This is Tukul whose brother you met
last week. [Ini tukul yang kakaknya kamu temui minggu lalu.]
- Interrogative pronouns – those which introduce a question. Example: who,
whom, whose, why, which, and what.
Example of
sentences:
Ø Who did you call? [Siapa yang kamu
panggil?]
Ø What did you order? [Apa yang kamu
pesan?]
Ø Why did you sell your cara? [Mengapa
kamu jual mobilmu?]
- Reciprocal pronouns
– those expressing mutual actions or relationship; e.g: one another, each
other
Example
for sentences:
Ø
They’re
shacking hand to each other
Ø
All
children love one another.
- Intensive pronouns
– those ending in –self or –selves and that serve to
emphasize their antecedents. E.g: himself, herself,,
Example of
sentences:
Ø
Henry
himself who told me so
Ø
Mary
herself repaired the computer.
Ø
Jack
himself gave me the book.
Sources:
www.slideshare.com/2014
Langan John.2006.English Skill.New
York: MCGraw Hill.
